Modern alternatives to outdated linear regulators like the LM7805 primarily include switching regulators (also called switching converters or DC-DC converters) which offer much higher efficiency, especially in applications where the difference between input and output voltage is significant. Here's a list of current alternatives and why they are often preferred over linear regulators:

### 1. Buck Converters (Step-Down Switching Regulators)
  Buck converters step down a higher input voltage to a lower output voltage with much higher efficiency than linear regulators like the LM7805. They are ideal when the input voltage is significantly higher than the output.

  Examples:
  - LM2596: A widely used step-down (buck) switching regulator, providing high efficiency and up to 3A of output current.
  - MP1584: A compact and efficient buck converter that can deliver up to 3A output current, often used in small form-factor designs.
  - TPS5430: From Texas Instruments, this buck converter supports input voltages up to 36V and provides high efficiency, suitable for up to 3A output.

  Advantages:
  - 80%+ efficiency, minimizing heat.
  - Suitable for higher input voltages.
  - Capable of delivering more current than linear regulators.

### 2. Low-Dropout Regulators (LDOs)
  If efficiency isn't the most critical factor, and the input voltage is close to the output voltage, modern LDO regulators are a good alternative. They have much lower dropout voltage compared to older linear regulators like the LM7805.

  Examples:
  - LT3080: An adjustable LDO regulator from Analog Devices that offers very low dropout voltage and high precision.
  - MIC29300: A low-dropout voltage regulator that can provide up to 3A current with better performance compared to older regulators.
  - TPS7A47: An ultra-low-noise LDO, ideal for sensitive analog circuits.

  Advantages:
  - Low dropout voltage (as low as 0.1V).
  - Less heat dissipation compared to LM7805.
  - Suitable for sensitive applications with noise-sensitive loads.

### 3. DC-DC Converter Modules
  For quick and easy deployment, DC-DC converter modules are pre-assembled boards that integrate switching regulators with minimal external components, making them easy to integrate into designs.

  Examples:
  - XL4015 DC-DC Buck Module: Provides up to 5A current with high efficiency.
  - Pololu Step-Down Regulators: Compact DC-DC modules that offer a variety of fixed and adjustable output voltages with high efficiency.

  Advantages:
  - No need for external components or complex design.
  - Ready-to-use modules for prototyping or production.
  - Wide range of input/output voltages.

### 4. Synchronous Buck Converters
  These are more advanced versions of buck converters that use synchronous rectification to achieve even higher efficiency.

  Examples:
  - TPS54331: A synchronous step-down converter from Texas Instruments with up to 3A current and over 90% efficiency.
  - MP2459: A synchronous buck converter offering high efficiency and low EMI, ideal for power-sensitive applications.

  Advantages:
  - Extremely high efficiency (up to 95%).
  - Lower EMI (Electromagnetic Interference).
  - Reduced heat generation compared to older linear designs.

### Summary:
- Switching regulators (Buck converters) are the best choice for energy-efficient designs, especially when stepping down significantly higher input voltages.
- LDO regulators are still useful when the input voltage is only slightly higher than the output, and low noise or simplicity is key.
- Pre-built DC-DC modules offer plug-and-play solutions for projects needing efficiency without extensive design work.

In modern designs, switching regulators are generally preferred due to their higher efficiency and lower heat dissipation compared to linear regulators like the LM7805, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.